What are electronic components?

Electronic components are fundamental devices in the creation of electronic circuits and systems. These components allow you to control the flow of electricity, amplify signals and perform specific functions within a circuit. Below, I explain some of the most common electronic components and their functions:

Resistances

Function: Limit electric current and divide voltages in a circuit.
Symbol: A zigzag line.
Unit: Ohms (Ω).

Capacitors

Function: Store and release electrical energy in the form of an electric field.
Symbol: Two parallel lines (one may be curved in polarized capacitors).
Unit: Farrads (F).

Inductors

Function: Store energy in a magnetic field when current passes through them.
Symbol: A loop or spiral.
Unit: Henrios (H).

Diodes

Function: Allow current to pass in only one direction.
Symbol: A triangle pointing towards a line.
Types: Rectifier diode, LED (light emitting diode), Zener diode, etc.

Transistors

Function: Amplify or switch electronic signals.
Symbol: Three terminals (base, collector, emitter for BJT; gate, drain, source for MOSFET).
Types: BJT (bipolar junction transistor), MOSFET (field effect transistor).

Integrated Circuits (IC)

Function: Perform multiple electronic functions (amplification, signal processing, logic control).
Symbol: It varies depending on the type, but combined it is represented as a rectangle with multiple pines.

Relays

Function: Act as electrically controlled switches.
Symbol: A coil with a moving commutator.

Switches

Function: Open or close a circuit manually.
Symbol: Various forms, combining a line with a break that can be closed.

Sensors

Function: Detect physical changes (light, temperature, pressure) and convert them into electrical signals.
Examples: Temperature sensor, photodiode, pressure sensor.

Oscillators

Function: Generate periodic signals (sine, square waves).
Example: Quartz crystals.

These components are combined in different configurations to build complex electronic devices and systems, such as computers, mobile phones, televisions, and industrial control systems. Each component has specific characteristics that make it suitable for certain applications, and its choice and arrangement are crucial to the design of a functional circuit.

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